{"id":13612,"date":"2014-04-17T07:26:06","date_gmt":"2014-04-17T13:26:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/?p=13612"},"modified":"2014-04-17T07:29:27","modified_gmt":"2014-04-17T13:29:27","slug":"kansas-city-shootings-highlight-threat-of-lone-wolf-attacks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/kansas-city-shootings-highlight-threat-of-lone-wolf-attacks\/","title":{"rendered":"Kansas City shootings highlight threat of &#8216;lone wolf&#8217; attacks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>By RON KAMPEAS<\/p>\n<p>WASHINGTON (JTA) &#8212; The suspect in deadly shootings at two Jewish institutions in suburban Kansas City made no secret of his hateful views, but nobody anticipated the attack that claimed three lives on Sunday.<\/p>\n<p>The shooter was identified as Frazier Glenn Miller, a 73-year-old white supremacist. The attack illustrates the dilemma of how best to protect Jewish institutions from the threat of deadly violence by extremists acting alone.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13614\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/484640563-1024x694.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13614\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13614 lazyload\" title=\"JCC_OverlandPark_KS\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/484640563-1024x694-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/484640563-1024x694-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/484640563-1024x694.jpg 1024w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/203;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13614\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13614 \" title=\"JCC_OverlandPark_KS\" src=\"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/484640563-1024x694-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/484640563-1024x694-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/484640563-1024x694.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-13614\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Overland Park police vehicle sitting in front of the Jewish Community Center of Greater Kansas City, Kan., following shootings there and later at a nearby assisted-living complex that killed a total of three people, April 13, 2014. (Jamie Squire\/Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cLone wolves are really by far the most dangerous phenomenon. They are vastly more difficult to stop in advance of their actions,\u201d said Mark Potok, the publications director for the Southern Poverty Law Center. \u201cYou can\u2019t simply follow around all the people in the United States who have noxious views.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Vigilance on the part of communal institutions is key, said Paul Goldenberg, who directs the Secure Community Network, the security arm of national Jewish groups.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe only way is to stop the lone wolf is prevention and hardening a soft target,\u201d Goldenberg said.<\/p>\n<p>Miller, who is scheduled to appear in court on Monday, is suspected of killing a man and his grandson on Sunday in the parking lot of the Jewish Community Center of Greater Kansas City in Overland Park, Kan., and then shooting to death a woman at Village Shalom, a Jewish assisted-living facility a few blocks away, where she was visiting her mother.<\/p>\n<p>After Miller was placed in a police vehicle, he was heard to yell &#8220;heil Hitler.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The family of the victims killed at the JCC were Dr. William Lewis Corporon, a retired physician, and his 14-year-old grandson, Reat Griffin Underwood. Corporon and Underwood, members of an area Methodist church, were hit by bullets as they were in a car. Underwood, an aspiring singer, was at the JCC for a talent show, family told local media.<\/p>\n<p>The third victim, Terri LaManno, a Catholic mother of two, was killed in the Village Shalom parking lot.<\/p>\n<p>This was not the first time a JCC has been targeted by a lone gunman.<\/p>\n<p>In 2006, Naveed Afzal Haq, motivated by anti-Israel views, killed one woman and wounded five others when he attacked the Seattle Jewish Federation building.<\/p>\n<p>In 1999, white supremacist Buford Furrow wounded five people, including three children, when he opened fire on the North Valley Jewish Community Center in suburban Los Angeles and shortly after killed a mail carrier.<\/p>\n<p>The Southern Poverty Law Center\u00a0was the <a href=\"http:\/\/splcenter.org\/blog\/2014\/04\/13\/frazier-glenn-miller-longtime-anti-semite-arrested-in-kansas-jewish-community-center-murders\/\" target=\"_blank\">first<\/a> to identify the gunman as Miller, of Aurora, MO. The center said he was the grand dragon of the Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1980s and subsequently a founder of the White Patriot Party, and served three years in prison on weapons charges and for plotting the assassination of its founder, Morris Dees.<\/p>\n<p>Miller had not been involved in criminal activity for decades, but he kept his views known and publicized them avidly. He maintained a website, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.whty.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">www.whty.org <\/a>(for \u201cwhitey&#8221;) and posted links to his media appearances, including one on a black radio show.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13616\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/frazier-glenn-miller.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13616\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13616 lazyload\" title=\"Jewish Community Shooting Suspect Frazier Glenn Cross, Jr. Appears At Arraignment\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/frazier-glenn-miller-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/frazier-glenn-miller-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/frazier-glenn-miller-1024x674.jpg 1024w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/197;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13616\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13616 \" title=\"Jewish Community Shooting Suspect Frazier Glenn Cross, Jr. Appears At Arraignment\" src=\"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/frazier-glenn-miller-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/frazier-glenn-miller-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/frazier-glenn-miller-1024x674.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-13616\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frazier Glenn Miller appears at his arraignment on capital murder and first-degree murder charges on April 15, 2014 in New Century, Kan. Miller is charged in connection with three shooting deaths outside Jewish institutions on April 13. (David Eulitt-Pool\/Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>In 2012, he appeared on a panel of extremists organized by a professor at Missouri State University and reveled in the encounter. In <a href=\"http:\/\/vnnforum.com\/showpost.php?p=1352538&amp;postcount=48\" target=\"_blank\">a post<\/a> on the Vanguard News Network, a white supremacist site, he described sparring with Jewish students from the audience, whom he described as \u201ctwo kikes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mark Pitcavage, the director of investigative research for the Anti-Defamation League, said lone wolves tend to operate on the margins of extremist communities, which makes it harder to detect when they may be plotting actions. This was true of Miller, who had alienated much of the movement in the 1980s when he had his sentence reduced in exchange for testifying against co-conspirators.<\/p>\n<p>Pitcavage said monitors can sometimes detect planning for violence, as extremists often will report in online forums private exchanges with individuals seeking co-conspirators for a violent act.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen we see extremists start warning other extremists about someone, we pay attention,\u201d he said. \u201cThe way the vine works, they think \u2018he\u2019s a government plant who\u2019s trying to get me in trouble.\u2019 They have a skewed reaction to it, but nevertheless they have a reaction. We have learned when we see those sorts of things to take them seriously.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The ADL passes on such information to law enforcement.<\/p>\n<p>In other instances, there are signs that the poster is a \u201cpowder keg,\u201d Pitcavage said.<\/p>\n<p>Monitors, he said, look for \u201ca long series of posts expressing aggravation &#8212; \u2018something has to be done, it\u2019s time to do something.\u2019 They may say things to other people trying to get people involved.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Potok of the law center said extensive posting on such sites is not in of itself necessarily an indicator of such violence. Wade Michael Page, a white supremacist who in 2012 killed six people at a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wis., <a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/lifestyle\/style\/wade-michael-page-was-steeped-in-neo-nazi-hate-music-movement\/2012\/08\/07\/b879451e-dfe8-11e1-a19c-fcfa365396c8_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">had been prominent<\/a> among online extremists but had not exhibited typical signs of an imminent attack.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe had been following Page for 12 years,\u201d Potok said. \u201cThere was no indication that he had finally decided to start shooting.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Other times, Pitcavage said, lone wolves operate completely under the radar, with no communications preceding an attack. White supremacist Keith Luke <a href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/metrodesk\/2013\/05\/30\/self-described-white-supremacist-keith-luke-convicted-first-degree-murder-for-rampage\/a1WxJnobIMipl5T1yVp8hI\/story.html\" target=\"_blank\">killed two West Africans<\/a> in the Boston area in 2009 and was on his way to attack a synagogue when police stopped him.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNo one had ever heard of Keith Luke before,\u201d he said. \u201cAfter his arrest we discovered he had spent countless hours watching white supremacist videos on YouTube.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Other lone wolves embrace the status because of its utility, Pitcavage said, noting that Anders Behring Breivik, who killed 77 people in bombings and shootings in and near Oslo on July 22, 2011, had assembled data showing that lone attacks were more successful.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe more steps there are, the more people there are,\u201d the likelier it is that the plot will be leaked, Pitcavage said.<\/p>\n<p>Goldenberg, the Jewish security official, said it has become easier for potential assailants to surveil Jewish targets because of information that\u2019s easily accessed on the Internet. It\u2019s not clear what drew the assailant to the Greater Kansas City JCC, Goldenberg said, but it was notable that there were at least two events that had been publicized and were likely to draw crowds: a play and the singing audition.<\/p>\n<p>It was a tough balance, said Karen Aroesty, the ADL director in St. Louis, Mo., who was in touch with the Kansas City community and law enforcement in the wake of the attack.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou want communities to spread the word about the activities they are doing, balancing that with the kind of security that protects against\u201d potential assailants, she said. \u201cHow do they pitch security really strongly while being warm and welcoming? That\u2019s a tough balance.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Goldenberg noted the importance of training members of the Jewish community.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is empowering members of the Jewish community through education and knowledge, how to identify a suspicious person, how to face an active shooter,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>With the caveat that he was not yet fully apprised of how the JCC shooting went down, Goldenberg noted that the building immediately went into lockdown, that the assailant struck from the rear &#8212; away from security officers who would have been manning the front &#8212; and that he did not breach the back door.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSometimes the best defense is a locked door,\u201d he said. \u201cThe best defense is having a plan for a lockdown and keeping the individual outside. The individual did not gain entry to the building, and that undoubtedly saved many lives.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Jewish Federations of North America, a leader in obtaining Department of Homeland Security funding for security measures for Jewish buildings, said the Overland Park shootings underscored the need for the program.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe horrific shootings in Kansas City emphasize the fact that Jewish communal institutions have been the victim of an alarming number of threats and attacks,\u201d William Daroff, the Jewish Federations&#8217; Washington director, wrote in an email. \u201cDue to those threats, the federal Nonprofit Security Grant Program has provided millions of dollars to assist nonprofits in upgrading their security capacity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>President Obama, who in a statement said the attack was \u201cheartbreaking,\u201d pledged federal resources to the investigation.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI have asked my team to stay in close touch with our federal, state and local partners, and provide the necessary resources to support the ongoing investigation,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top: 5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top: 5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/noscript><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Google Plus\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\",\"Tumblr\",\"Email\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"Kansas%20City%20shootings%20highlight%20threat%20of%20%27lone%20wolf%27%20attacks\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[5291,8790,8795,5285,8788],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13612"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13612"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13617,"href":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13612\/revisions\/13617"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.crescentcityjewishnews.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}