Drummers play inside a Gaza solidarity succah on the campus of UCLA in Los Angeles, California, Oct. 22, 2024. Campus police would later break up the succah and arrest one person. (The Daily Bruin \/ Screenshot via YouTube)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Kahn was certainly sympathetic to the students\u2019 politics: He is currently trying to relaunch the American Council for Judaism, a group that formed in 1942 to advance objections to the Reform movement\u2019s growing embrace of Zionism. (The group\u2019s influence began to wane a few short years later, after the Holocaust and the formation of the State of Israel led most Reform Jews to embrace Zionist ideas.)<\/p>\n
At NYU\u2019s Gaza solidarity sukkah, Kahn said, he saw more than an excuse to launch another protest against Israel. He saw a succah that, as far as he could tell, was heartfelt in its Jewish approach and fully in compliance with traditional succah construction, albeit one also adorned with slogans including \u201cDisclose & Divest\u201d and \u201cFree Palestine.\u201d <\/p>\n
\u201cAs far as I could tell, it was a kosher sukkah. The roof was see-through, they had three walls. They were doing it,\u201d he said, noting also the students had sourced a lulav and etrog for the occasion (Israel, Morocco and China are prime etrog exporters; Kahn said he didn\u2019t know where the students\u2019 was from). <\/p>\n
Comparing the movement to the Freedom Seders of the civil rights era and afterward, Kahn said it fell in with a history of Jews merging political causes with their religious observance: \u201cAlthough, yes, there were political messages on the sukkah itself, the intent of the students was a religious one.\u201d <\/p>\n
Elsewhere, the line between the succah movement and the encampments became blurred. At Columbia University, whose students originated the encampment movement, anti-Zionist Jews continued the language of their protester coalition by deeming their hut a \u201cliberation sukkah.\u201d At the University of Pennsylvania, students had founded their campus JVP chapter only days before hosting the succah. Some of the succot, like one at Northwestern University, were constructed on the same campus locations where the encampment movement had been held.<\/p>\n
And the University of California, Los Angeles, played host to perhaps the most chaotic scene surrounding a Gaza solidarity sukkah. Joining up with a brief attempt to resurrect an encampment at the same spot, the succah shared space with a banner reading, \u201cResistance is justified from Warsaw to Palestine.\u201d UCLA campus police soon broke up the display, arresting one protester for failing to obey a dispersal order as they broke up the sukkah, whose participants numbered around 40. A Betar group also showed up, threatening to \u201corganize groups of Jews\u201d to remove the display themselves until their progress was also halted by police. <\/p>\n
Signs like the one at UCLA, that directly advocate for violence against Israelis, are why detractors say the Gaza solidarity succot shouldn\u2019t be seen as authentic means of Jewish practice. <\/p>\n
\u201cUsing these holidays as an excuse to justify the deadliest day for the Jewish people since the Holocaust does a disservice to Jewish students,\u201d Julia Jassey, founder of the activist group Jewish On Campus, told JTA. Jassey pointed to the UCLA sign in particular.<\/p>\n
UCLA authorities said the succah had violated several \u201ctime, place and manner\u201d restrictions around campus speech, including \u201cassembling in an area not designated for public expression, using unauthorized structures, and they have used amplified sound.\u201d The justification was notable at UCLA, which recently received a legal ruling ordering it to do a better job protecting Jewish students\u2019 freedom of movement throughout the campus.<\/p>\n
And UCLA wasn\u2019t the only site of a Succot clash between Jews. A Hillel succah at Simmons University, a private school in Boston, was vandalized with messages reading \u201cGaza Liberation Sukkah\u201d this week. The university president condemned the action as \u201cthe antisemitic vandalism of a Jewish religious symbol on our campus\u201d in a statement and said it was being investigated as a potential hate crime. <\/p>\n
The school\u2019s Hillel chapter also called the vandalism antisemitic in a statement, adding that its sukkah had been \u201cco-opted through vandalism to make political statements\u201d and that the act \u201csends a clear message: Jewish students are not welcome to openly celebrate and practice our customs.\u201d<\/p>\n
On Instagram the Simmons JVP chapter pushed back, posting an image of the graffiti and declaring, \u201cThis is not antisemitism.\u201d The chapter argued that the wording of the vandalism \u201cis quite clearly meant to represent these Gaza Solidarity Sukkahs\u201d on other campuses, and declared that labeling it antisemitic instead of anti-Zionist \u201cdirectly harms and endangers Palestinian students and BIPOC and Muslim students who support Palestine.\u201d The JVP post added, \u201cDrop Hillel. Drop this bs.\u201d <\/p>\n
Such endorsement of a succah sabotage was cause for alarm in some corners of the Jewish world, and the national JVP movement generally steered away from endorsing such actions. Instead it pushed the idea that most Gaza solidarity succahs were intended as alternative modes of Jewish practice for anti-Zionists. (Individual JVP chapters are given a degree of independence from the national movement to declare their own positions.)<\/p>\n
\u201cThis year, students could not separate their observance from the fact that tens of thousands of Palestinians are forced to live in temporary shelters due to [the] Israeli military\u2019s mass destruction of homes in Gaza,\u201d JVP said in a news release last week about the solidarity sukkahs. Among the guests at these solidarity succahs were Jewish author Naomi Klein and Jewish pro-Palestinian activist Simone Zimmerman.<\/p>\n
At some schools, students intended to stay in their succot for eight days, a Jewish tradition that is rarely practiced in full outside Orthodox communities. These students were prevented from doing so by their administrators in most cases. This was wrong, JVP maintained.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe students explained that sleeping in Sukkahs is an essential part of this holiday and part of their religious rights, but administrators choose to disregard the students\u2019 pleas,\u201d the JVP statement said, calling the dismantling of the succahs \u201ca desecration of a religious structure.\u201d<\/p>\n
Not every Gaza solidarity sukkah was built without trying to seek permission. At the University of Southern California, for example, a student JVP chapter sought and said it initially received permits to construct a succah at a religious center on campus. But, according to student newspaper The Daily Trojan, USC later denied the permits to JVP after catching wind of the group\u2019s plans to adorn the succddssah with \u201cpolitical\u201d messaging like a Palestinian flag banner. JVP later constructed its \u201csolidarity sukkah\u201d elsewhere on campus. (The school said it had denied the permit because the JVP chapter was not an officially recognized student organization.)<\/p>\n
And at Brown University, the school initially approved permit requests from BrownU Jews for Ceasefire Now to host a Gaza solidarity succah, until the students announced their intent to sleep in the structure for eight days. This, Brown said in a statement to JTA, was a \u201cprohibited\u201d act. The university said it first attempted to quietly resolve the situation with the students. When the sleep-in continued, a spokesperson said, the school began initiating disciplinary proceedings against the students. The students themselves then took down the succah after the eight days of the holiday were up; they claim that 17 of them are currently facing potential conduct violations.<\/p>\n
Such actions aren\u2019t occurring in a vacuum. Days before at Brown, 150 activists had protested the university\u2019s governing board after it voted down a proposal to divest from Israel; the school has since suspended its chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine for conduct violations related to the protest.<\/p>\n
Some progressive Jewish observers who aren not students also denounced universities for shutting down the succot. Rabbi Lex Rofeberg, who runs the Jewish digital learning project Judaism Unbound and visited Brown\u2019s Gaza solidarity sukkah, said this year\u2019s Sukkot \u201cshould be remembered as a pivotal moment in the history of American Judaism\u201d due to university actions against the solidarity structures, and alleged that universities had overstepped their bounds by policing them.<\/p>\n
\u201cIt is not the place of universities to determine what is and is not an authentic manifestation of Jewish religious practice, as filtered through Bible, through Talmud, and through more recent Jewish texts,\u201d Rofeberg wrote on the social network X. \u201cAnd yet universities have asserted that that\u2019s precisely their role.\u201d<\/p>\n
His position was supported by some prominent progressive Jews and Jewish groups, including Jews for Racial and Economic Justice. But not every Jewish analyst agreed. Haviv Rettig Gur, a commentator for the Times of Israel, described anti-Zionist sukkahs as \u201cunkosher\u201d and accused them of deploying a \u201ccynical use of Palestinian iconography.\u201d<\/p>\n
For Kahn, the succah pointed to something much bigger.<\/p>\n
\u201cI think that the Jewish community needs to very broadly get used to having a greater diversity of Jewish expression,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n
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